A 10-year-old boy collapses on the beach in Queensland a er playing in a small rock pool. He had been handling a small sea creature. He is brought to your rural ED by paramedics.

Collapse after playing in a rock pool

1. Identify the creature. 1 mark

2. Name the type of toxin it releases and its mechanism of action. 2 marks

3. Describe the clinical features you would expect this child to exhibit in the early and late stages of this toxidrome. 4 marks

4. What is the definitive management step for the toxidrome? 1 mark

5. List (2) other marine creatures which may cause collapse on an Australian beach and state the mechanism of the collapse. 1 mark