An 11-year-old boy with severe autism is brought by his parents due to agitation at home. He has been punching and biting his parents. He is normally on quetiapine 50mg daily and estimated to be 50kg.

1. List (6) different causes of acute agitation specific to this patient. 6 marks

2. List (2) pharmacological options you would first consider for sedation including timeframe for redosing 4 marks

45min later despite your best efforts he has punched a nurse and is throwing equipment around the resus room.

3. List (2) further options for sedation in this patient including timeframe for redosing 2 marks

He appears more se led a er the above management however now he is unable to turn his neck and his eyes are deviated.

4. What medication would you administer in this situation? 1 mark

5. Detail how would you manage the assault on your staff member 5 marks