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A 28-year-old male is brought in by ambulance after an accident on a construction site. An excavator tipped onto its side, trapping him by his lower limbs at the level of his thighs. Paramedics state entrapment lasted for over two hours. His injuries are confined to his lower limbs. There are no other sites of trauma. Vitals are : HR 110, BP 110/65, RR 22, Sats 99% 15L/min NRB En route to the Emergency Department, the patient became hypotensive.

Crush syndrome

1. List (3) abnormal findings on this ECG (3 marks) 3 marks

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2. State a unifying diagnosis. (1 mark) 1 mark

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3. List (4) other metabolic disturbances you may find on routine bloods associated with the above clinical picture. (4 marks) 4 marks

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4. Complete the table below with (4) pharmacological strategies for treatment of the demonstrated ECG abnormalities. (4 marks) 4 marks

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5. What are the management principles of crush syndrome? 6 marks

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