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A 45-year-old male presents to your emergency department with a three-day history of worsening perianal pain. He describes a dull, throbbing pain that is worse with defecation and reports mild swelling near the anal verge.

1. List three risk factors for the development of an anorectal abscess. 3 marks

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2. Complete the table below, describing (3) clinical features that differentiate a simple perianal abscess from a more complex anorectal infection 3 marks

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3. Outline an approach to management of a simple perianal abscess. 4 marks

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4. Give two indications for urgent surgical management of complex anorectal infection. 2 marks

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