A 4-year-old boy is brought to the ED by his mother after suddenly screaming while playing in the garden and complaining of severe pain at the top of his left leg. He is distressed, indicating groin pain, with sweating around the left ankle.

  • HR 130
  • BP 120/75
  • RR 30

1. List four possible differential diagnoses. 4 marks

2. Outline three key principles in managing redback envenomation. 3 marks

3. List five clinical features of funnel web envenomation. 5 marks